Three year rotation: This was estabilised. This left only one third of the land fallow every day.
Mouldboard plough: Ploughed the soil more efficiently.
Hanseatic league: It was a merchants assotation that dominated the atlantic and baltic route.
Trade fairs : In it the merchants met.
Bills of exchange: Made it unnecesary to carry money.
Ghettoe: the jews lived in it.
Moorish: the islamic people lived in it.
City Council: it was directed by a manor.
Guilds: all artisans in the same profession joined a guild.
Master Craftsmen: they had their own workshops, the tools and the raw materials.
the work pass to fathe to son.
Journeymen: were very skilled craftsmen who recieved wages.
Apprentices:were young men who wanted to learn a trade. They lived in their master´s house
and worked for him for several years. They did not receive any payment.
Roman Law: gace much more power to the kings than the traditional law.
Parliaments:they were very diferents than the parlaments of today, the only people who were
represented were the king, the nobles , the clergy and the city mayors.
UNIT 4
Christianity:Was the main religion in europe
Christendom:were cristian territories.
Pilgrimage:the people pilgrimage to a holy place.
Crusades:the church organised large armies to fight for religious causes.
Tithe:the peasants pay a tithe it was a tenth of their harvest.
Barrel vault:was a architect element in the romanesque architecture.
Apse:the long arm of the cross was made up of one or more naves finishing in a apse.
Buttress:we can see otside the romanesque church
Ambulatory:that pilgrims could walk around the main altar and view the relics there.
Transept:the shorter arm in the Latin cross.
Lent:
Altarpieces:they were used for panel painting.
Miniatures:were small paintings which ilustrated bibles and manuscrips.
Mural Painting:was commom on walls, especially in the main apse near the altar.
Panel Painting:was used on altars and small altarpieces.
Convents:new religious orders were started by friars, who lived in convents in the cities.
University:developed from cathedral schools.both teachers and students wanted to escape from
the control of the church.
Gargoyles:were sculped on the outside of cathedrals.
Stained glass:the mural painting was replaced by large stained glass.was in gothic church.
Pointed arches:were used in the gothic architecture.
Rib vault: were used in the gothic architecture.it weight not rest on the walls.
Flying buttress:was in the outside of the cathedral.
Rose windows:had bright colours.
Latin cross:shape continued to be used, but the east ends were polygonal, not semicircular, and
the central nave was much higher and wider than the side aisles.
Side aisles: the central nave was much higher and wider than the side aisles.
Capitel:were decorated with animals, plant etc...
Pinnacle:it was in the tower of the gothic church.
